Dual roles of human endogenous retroviruses in cancer progression and antitumor immune response

被引:1
作者
Yang, Yang [1 ]
Dong, Surong [1 ]
You, Benshuai [1 ]
Zhou, Chenglin [1 ]
机构
[1] Nanjing Med Univ, Clin Lab Ctr, Affiliated Taizhou Peoples Hosp, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
来源
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER | 2024年 / 1879卷 / 06期
关键词
Human endogenous retroviruses; Transposable elements; Oncogenesis; Immune response; Interferon signaling; TERMINAL REPEAT; HERV-K; PATHWAY; RNA; TRANSFORMATION; EXPRESSION; CARCINOMA; RECEPTOR; FAMILY; HHLA2;
D O I
10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189201
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are a class of transposable elements formed by the integration of ancient retroviruses into the germline genome. They are inherited in a Mendelian manner and approximately constitute 8 % of the human genome. HERVs were considered as "junk DNA" for decades, but increasing evidence suggests that they play significant roles in pathological inflammation, neural differentiation, and oncogenesis. Specifically, HERVs expression has been implicated in several oncogenic processes and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, the dual roles of HERVs in cancer, serving as both promoters of oncogenesis and forerunners of the innate antitumor immune response, remain a subject of debate. In this review, we will discuss how HERVs participate in cancer progression and how they are regulated. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties and potential function of HERVs in propagating oncogenesis and activating the antitumor immune response. We hope that updated knowledge will reshape our understanding of the critical roles played by HERVs in human evolution and cancer progression.
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页数:8
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