Case Report: Mpox virus infection in a patient immunocompromised by human immunodeficiency virus with atypical evolution

Mpox is caused by the monkeypox virus, a DNA virus of the Poxviridae family and the Orthopoxvirus genus. As far as its clinical presentation is concerned, symptoms such as fever, lymphadenopathy and maculopapular rash affecting mucosal tissues, palms and soles have been described. However, atypical presentations have been reported in patients with impaired immune functions. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are among the most affected populations and sexual contact is one of the main forms of transmission. It has been estimated that close to 28-51% of MSM infected with monkeypox virus have an associated human immunodeficiency virus infection. In this report, we describe the case of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection who acquired the Mpox and had an atypical clinical presentation and course. In conclusion, the current Mpox outbreak has differed from previous outbreaks in terms of clinical characteristics, transmission mode and population at risk. Immunosuppression is a risk factor for an atypical course, with longer duration and development of complications that lead to longer hospital stay and mortality.