Evaluation of the Effect of Massage on Pressure Injury Prevention among Intensive Care Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the application of massage to bony prominences, and international guidelines do not currently recommend additional massage in these areas. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of the effleurage technique, a component of classical massage known for its clinical applicability and practicality, in preventing pressure injuries (PIs). METHODS: The study focused on bedridden patients in the ICU of a state hospital. The sample included patients admitted between July 1, 2021, and November 30, 2021, without preexisting PIs. Using a randomized controlled trial design with simple randomization, routine nursing care was provided to the control group of 30 patients, and the experimental group of 30 patients received classical massage (effleurage technique) in addition to routine care. Both groups were followed up for an average of 12 days using various assessment tools, including a patient information form, the Braden Risk Assessment Scale, the Pressure Wound Staging Form, and an experimental/control group follow-up form. RESULTS: The research results revealed a statistically significant impact of massage application on preventing PIs (P < .05). The average day of PI development was 10.93 +/- 2.31 in the experimental group and 6.79 +/- 4.42 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest that the effleurage technique, as part of classical massage, can be integrated into nursing practices to effectively prevent PIs.