A systematic review of educational interventions to enhance cancer awareness and screening in individuals with intellectual disabilities: A mixed-methods approach

Background: Cancer awareness and screening among individuals with intellectual disabilities face unique challenges. To bridge this gap, educational interventions have been developed. Aims: This review comprehensively analyzes educational interventions aimed at enhancing cancer awareness among individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs). It addresses key questions regarding intervention types and effectiveness, influencing factors, and recommendations for impactful programs. Methods and procedures: A robust search strategy was deployed across reputable databases yielding 2512 articles. After meticulous screening and eligibility assessments, eight studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing qualitative research, a feasibility study, and randomized control trials. Outcomes and results: The studies employed diverse interventions and assessment methods, leading to varying outcomes. Interventions included educational materials, communication packs, health education DVDs, and healthcare professional support, typically delivered over a short period with limited follow-up. Assessment methods comprised surveys, interviews, and knowledge surveys. However, a comprehensive evaluation of knowledge gains and screening uptake was often absent. While some studies reported modest increases in knowledge, none measured actual screening uptake and long-term effects. The strengths and limitations of these studies underscore the need for more comprehensive research in this area, considering factors such as sample size, study design, and long-term impact. Conclusion and implications: In conclusion, this review provides valuable insights into educational interventions for cancer awareness among individuals with intellectual disabilities. Its comprehensive methodology and findings underscore the significance of tailoring interventions, extending their duration, and involving caregivers to optimize outcomes for this vulnerable population.