Advances in Magnesium-Based Biomaterials: Strategies for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance, Mechanical Performance, and Biocompatibility

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have emerged as promising biomaterials for orthopedic and cardiovascular applications, thanks to their good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties close to that of natural bone. However, the rapid degradation of Mg in physiological environments and limited mechanical performance tend to compromise the structural integrity of implants before healing is complete. These drawbacks have been heavily limiting the application of Mg and its alloys as biomaterials. In this paper, we review recent advancements in two common solutions to these problems: alloying and surface treatment, with a focus on controlling the corrosion resistance, mechanical performance, and biocompatibility of Mg-based biomaterials.