Experiences of siblings of individuals with developmental disabilities: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies

Background: While the impact of developmental disabilities (DD) on the entire family is increasingly recognized, the experiences of typically developing (TD) siblings often remain overlooked. Recently, an understanding of siblings' experiences has been developed through qualitative studies. Objective: This review aims to synthesize existing qualitative evidence regarding the experiences of TD siblings of individuals with DD. Methods: A systematic search across four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) identified studies reporting empirical qualitative data on the experiences of TD siblings of adolescents and young adults with DD, including English studies from 2014 to 2023. A quality appraisal was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) checklist. The data were synthesized using thematic synthesis. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Six key themes and 13 subthemes were identified from the included articles. These themes included (i) encountered difficulties, (ii) intrapersonal response, (iii) interpersonal interaction, (iv) challenging family dynamics, (v) strategies and support, and (vi) accepting and adapting to my reality. Conclusions: This review synthesizes qualitative evidence on the experiences of TD siblings, highlighting how their situation shapes their lives. The findings suggest that TD siblings of individuals with DD experience difficulty due to their sibling's disability. These experiences influence various aspects of their lives, including personal, school/work, and family dynamics, ultimately affecting TD siblings' adaptation processes. Our findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to support the psychological well-being of TD siblings of individuals with DD.