Gut microbiota and atrial cardiomyopathy

Atrial cardiomyopathy is a multifaceted heart disease characterized by structural and functional abnormalities of the atria and is closely associated with atrial fibrillation and its complications. Its etiology involves a number of factors, including genetic, infectious, immunologic, and metabolic factors. Recent research has highlighted the critical role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of atrial cardiomyopathy, and this is consistent with the gut-heart axis having major implications for cardiac health. The aim of this work is to bridge the knowledge gap regarding the interactions between the gut microbiota and atrial cardiomyopathy, with a particular focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis may induce atrial remodeling and dysfunction. This article provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of atrial cardiomyopathy, including changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and the effects of its metabolites. We also discuss how diet and exercise affect atrial cardiomyopathy by influencing the gut microbiota, as well as possible future therapeutic approaches targeting the gut-heart axis. A healthy gut microbiota can prevent disease, but ecological dysbiosis can lead to a variety of symptoms, including the induction of heart disease. We focus on the pathophysiological aspects of atrial cardiomyopathy, the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on atrial structure and function, and therapeutic strategies exploring modulation of the microbiota for the treatment of atrial cardiomyopathy. Finally, we discuss the role of gut microbiota in the treatment of atrial cardiomyopathy, including fecal microbiota transplantation and oral probiotics or prebiotics. Our study highlights the importance of gut microbiota homeostasis for cardiovascular health and suggests that targeted interventions on the gut microbiota may pave the way for innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting atrial cardiomyopathy.