Oceanobacter antarcticus sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Weddell Sea in Antarctica

The poles of the Earth harbour many novel micro-organisms that have not yet been isolated and identified. Here, a Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as wDCs-4(T), was isolated from surface seawater collected from the Weddell Sea in Antarctica. It grows at 4-40 degrees C (optimum 10-15 degrees C), pH 4-8 (optimum 7) and in the presence of 0-4% NaCl (w/v, optimum 0.5-1%). The complete 16S rRNA gene of strain wDCs-4(T) had maximum sequence identity with Oceanobacter mangrovi SM2-42(T) (97.2%), followed by Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1(T) (96.5%) and Oceanobacter kriegii 197(T) (96.2%). Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences showed that strain wDCs-4(T) was closely clustered with the members of the genus Oceanobacter and formed an independent clade, which could be considered a monophyletic taxon. The average nucleotide identity values between strain wDCs-4(T) and the members of the genera Oceanobacter and Thalassolituus were 77.7-78.1 and 77.4-80.5%, respectively. The corresponding digital DNA-DNA hybridization values are 19.5-20.1 and 20.5-22.4%, respectively. The major fatty acids (>5%) of strain wDCs-4(T) comprised summed feature 5 (C-18:0 ante/C-18:2 omega 6,9c or C-18:2 omega 6,9c/C-18:0 ante) and C-16:0. The predominant respiratory was Q-8. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminolipids and unknown polar lipids. The draft genome size was 4.58 Mbp, with a DNA G+C content of 53.4 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic analyses, strain wDCs-4(T) represented a novel species in the genus Oceanobacter, for which the name Oceanobacter antarcticus sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain was wDCs-4(T) (=MCCC 1A20726(T)=KCTC 8314(T)).