An integrated framework for port-hinterland connection vulnerability to sea level rise: Izmir

This study addresses a critical gap in understanding the vulnerability of port-hinterland connection (PHC) to sea-level rise (SLR) by developing an innovative assessment methodology. Combining the Coastal Vulnerability Index and Count Overlapping Connection Analysis, the research applies this approach to five ports and 18 industrial zones in Izmir, Turkey. Results reveal that 61 % of the study area falls within high and very high vulnerability classes, with 54 % of the road network in these zones. Notably, 77 % of high connection density segments overlap with high vulnerability areas, while 13 % of PHC is classified as high or very high vulnerability. Economic implications are significant, with potential reconstruction costs estimated at <euro>1.12 billion for PHC and <euro>14.2 billion for essential roads in high and very high vulnerable areas. This research provides critical insights for targeted investments, policy formulation, and long-term planning to ensure PHC resilience against SLR challenges.