Rare encounter: Osteoid osteoma of the coracoid process base - A case report and in-depth literature review

Introduction and importance: Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a common benign bone tumor, mostly affecting young adults. Since it often develops in long bones, OO is rarely considered as a cause of chronic shoulder pain. Case presentation: We treated an 8-year-old boy with ongoing shoulder pain that was worse at night but improved with NSAIDs. Based on his symptoms, MRI and CT scans pointed to OO in the coracoid process. The tumor was successfully removed through open surgery, leading to immediate relief, and the boy remained pain-free in 24 months after the procedure. Clinical discussion: Osteoid osteoma in the coracoid process is rare, often causing diagnostic delays. Advanced imaging like CT and MRI is crucial for accurate diagnosis. In this case, open surgery ensured complete nidus removal due to neurovascular proximity, aligning with reported favorable outcomes. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of considering rare causes like coracoid OO in shoulder pain, utilizing advanced imaging and tailored surgical approaches for successful outcomes.