Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis of Hybrid Nanofluid over a Rotating Disk with a Uniform Shrinking Rate in the Radial Direction: Dual Solutions

Rotating machinery, gas turbine rotators, and air cleaning equipment are some industrial and electronic applications of hybrid nanofluids as heat transfer fluids. Considering these potential applications, the axisymmetric flow of a hybrid nanofluid towards a permeable rotating disk with a uniform shrinking rate is analyzed in the current study. Nonlinear ordinary differential equations and boundary conditions are generated, using Von Karman's transformations, from the governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions. Then, a sophisticated bvp4c solver containing finite difference code is utilized for solving the boundary value problem numerically. Following the discovery of dual solutions, only the first solution is stable. Besides that, the magnitude of the local skin friction coefficient is found to increase with the rise of shrinking and injection parameters. However, the augmentation of the shrinking and injection parameters reduces and enhances the local Nusselt number.