Recent Advances in Minimally Invasive Local Cancer Control and Skeletal Stabilization of Periacetabular Osteolytic Metastases Under C-Arm Imaging Guidance

Cancers are chronic manageable diseases in the era of the second phase of the Cancer Moonshot program by the US government. Patients with cancer suffer from various forms of orthopaedic morbidities, namely locomotive syndrome in cancer patients (Cancer Locomo). Type I encompasses orthopaedic conditions directly caused by cancers such as pathological fractures. Type II includes conditions caused by cancer treatments in cases of osteopenia, bone necrosis, insufficiency fractures, nonunions, and postsurgical complications. Type III defines coexisting conditions such as arthritis. The fundamental philosophy is that orthopaedic surgeons facilitate lifesaving ambulatory anticancer drug therapies by preventing and improving Cancer Locomo. Skeletal metastasis-specific procedures are evolving currently. Recently emerging percutaneous ambulatory minimally invasive procedures address skeletal reinforcement and local cancer control while avoiding many complications and drawbacks from extensive open surgical reconstructive procedures. Three-dimensional imaging techniques are useful but are not always available for acetabular procedures in all healthcare facilities. In this review, the techniques of percutaneous guidewire and antegrade cannulated screw placement under standard C-arm fluoroscopy are described in detail. In addition, cancer-induced bone loss, biomechanical data of percutaneous skeletal reinforcement, and clinical outcomes of minimally invasive procedures were reviewed.