Lifetime Trauma Exposure and Arthritis in Older Adults

Objective: Experiencing potentially traumatic events across one's lifecourse increases risk for poor physical health outcomes. Existing models emphasize the effects of any lifetime trauma exposure, risk accumulation (multiple traumas over time), and sensitive periods of exposure (specific exposure timepoints leading to lasting consequences). We examined how different indices of trauma exposure across the lifecourse were associated with later life arthritis, a common and debilitating health condition. Methods: Data include 5717 Health and Retirement Study participants (age mean [standard deviation] = 65.4 [12.9] years) who reported on lifetime adversity and trauma in 2006-2008. Lifetime trauma exposure was modeled as any trauma, accumulation of traumas, and lifecourse profiles (no exposure, childhood only, adulthood only, childhood and adulthood exposure). Outcomes included prevalent arthritis at baseline and incident arthritis across 12 years of follow-up. Covariate-adjusted generalized linear models for prevalence ratios and Cox proportional hazards models for hazard ratios were conducted. Results: Any lifetime trauma was associated with both prevalent arthritis at baseline (prevalence ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.22) and incident arthritis over 12 years (hazard ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.17-1.47). Greater trauma accumulation was significantly associated with both prevalent and incident arthritis. Childhood exposure was particularly strongly associated with prevalent and incident cases, with adulthood exposure being unassociated with incident arthritis. Across models, trauma exposure was associated with prevalent cases of both immune-related and osteoarthritis types. Conclusions: Higher lifetime trauma burden, especially during childhood, may predispose individuals to arthritis later in life. Early intervention or prevention efforts should identify trauma as an important risk factor for musculoskeletal health across the lifecourse.