Foliar phytopathogenic fungi associated with the cultivation of Prunus persica L.: Morphological and molecular identification, and biological control with Trichoderma asperelloides

The presence offoliar phytopathogenic fungi causes severe damage to leave and fruits of peach (Prunus persica L.), in producing areas of southern Chihuahua, Mexico, which has causedadecreasein production by 30%. The objective of this work was to identify morphologically and molecularly the foliar phytopathogenic fungi associated with the peach tree crop, evaluating the pathogenicity inone-year-old plants against Trichoderma asperelloides. Leaves with brown and brown lesions were collected from mummified fruits on the plant from 19 commercial peach orchards distributed in three municipalities of regional and national production in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Fungal identification of four representative isolates was performed using morphological methods. characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and ITS4) of ribosomal DNA, partofthe translation elongation factor1-alpha (TEF) a second secondary primer for each of the genera for, Collectotrichum ACT-512F and ACT-583R, Fusarium with EF1. For plant confrontations, a concentration of 1x106 conidia was inoculated. mL-1 of pathogens such as T. asperelloides, evaluating leaf diameter and length, height, severityand incidence. It was possible to identify the presence of Fusarium sambucinum, Collectotrichum gleosporoides and Monilinia fruticola, in addition the B-F-M1-A2-ACCH-3 strain ofF. Sambucinum obtained the highestvalues in the inhibition of the response variables and in severity Monilinia fruticola presented 61.23% as the highestvalue. It is recommended to use strain 3 as a biological control of foliar phytopathogens.