Non-volatile capacitive memory based on spiropyran-derived copolymers for multi-level and ultralow-power data storage and protection

The rapid development of information technology requires memory with low-power consumption and high-storage density. Traditional memory systems relying on different current levels to represent various storage states consume significant power and generate massive Joule heat, limiting their applications particularly in circuits with extraordinal high-storage density. In contrast, capacitive memories use capacitance instead of current to denote storage states, substantially reducing power consumption and opening new possibilities for next-generation, high-density integrated circuits. Incorporating molecular switches into the dielectric layer of capacitive memories enables multi-level data-storage through their reversible isomerization. However, challenges remain in enhancing the storage density while maintaining low-power consumption. Here, we developed a capacitive memory based on poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate-co-spiropyran) (named pPFPA-co-SP) with multi-stimuli responsive behaviors. By precisely controlling the responses to different stimuli, we achieved a capacitive memory with up to 8 storage levels and an exceptionally low power consumption of 1.91 x 10-10 W-3 to 5 orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional non-volatile memories. Additionally, we designed a sophisticated data protection system on this capacitor by manipulating three stimuli (i.e., light, humidity, and acids), enabling the data to be decrypted, hidden, erased, and destroyed on demand, showcasing vast potential applications in smart electronics.