The Combined Application of Urea and Fulvic Acid Regulates Apple Tree Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Improves Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

被引:0
作者
Wang, Laiping [1 ]
Chen, Ru [1 ]
Jiang, Zhenying [2 ]
Li, Huifeng [1 ]
Xue, Xiaomin [1 ]
机构
[1] Shandong Inst Pomol, State Key Lab Nutrient Use & Management, Tai An 271000, Peoples R China
[2] Weihai Agr & Rural Affairs Serv Ctr, Weihai 264200, Peoples R China
来源
AGRONOMY-BASEL | 2024年 / 14卷 / 09期
关键词
apple; anthocyanin; fulvic acid; (NUE)-N-15; carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; FRUIT; CARBOHYDRATE; ACCUMULATION; SORBITOL; STARCH; LEAVES;
D O I
10.3390/agronomy14092062
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Improving apple peel color has been an important objective in apple production. To better understand the effect and mechanism of the combined application of urea and FA (fulvic acid) regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, a field experiment was performed in 2022 and 2023, respectively, under five treatments of urea + FA (CK, urea only; FA50, urea + 50 kg ha(-1) FA; FA100, urea + 100 kg ha(-1) FA; FA150, urea + 150 kg ha(-1) FA; FA200, urea + 200 kg ha(-1) FA), using isotope (C-13 and N-15) marking to analyze the changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) nutrient distribution as well as anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruits. We observed that, under FA application conditions, anthocyanin content in the peel was elevated in both years, with increases of 15.98 similar to 52.88% in 2022 and 15.93 similar to 52.94% in 2023. The best promotion effects were observed under FA150 treatment. Apart from the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes and transcription factors in the apple peel, this positive effect on anthocyanin content induced by FA addition was also found to be associated with the optimization of C and N distribution in leaves and fruits. On the one hand, the application of FA not only enhanced leaf photosynthetic-related indexes (such as P-n, G(s), and Rubisco activity) and influenced (increased) S6PDH, SPS, and SS activities in leaves, but also elevated fruit sugar metabolism-related enzyme (SDH, SS-c, AI, and NI) activity and upregulated fruit stalk sugar transporter (MdSOT1, MdSOT3, MdSUT1 and MdSUT4) gene expression, which ultimately promoted the synthesis and the leaf to fruit transport of photosynthates, thus promoting C-13-photosynthate accumulation in fruits. On the other hand, FA application elevated leaves' N metabolism-related enzyme (GS and GOGAT) activity and optimized N-15 distribution in leaves and fruits. Moreover, we also observed that FA application altered the fate of N fertilizer in apple orchards, showed an elevation in apple tree (NUE)-N-15 and soil N-15 residuals and showed a decrease in soil N-15 loss. In summary, the appropriate application of FA150 (urea + 150 kg ha(-1)) synergistically optimized C and N nutrient distribution, and promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple trees.
引用
收藏
页数:14
相关论文
共 43 条
  • [1] Jasmonate induces biosynthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin in apple by mediating the JAZ1-TRB1-MYB9 complex
    An, Jian-Ping
    Xu, Rui-Rui
    Liu, Xin
    Zhang, Jiu-Cheng
    Wang, Xiao-Fei
    You, Chun-Xiang
    Hao, Yu-Jin
    [J]. PLANT JOURNAL, 2021, 106 (05) : 1414 - 1430
  • [2] ABI5 regulates ABA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by modulating the MYB1-bHLH3 complex in apple
    An, Jian-Ping
    Zhang, Xiao-Wei
    Liu, Ya-Jing
    Wang, Xiao-Fei
    You, Chun-Xiang
    Hao, Yu-Jin
    [J]. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, 2021, 72 (04) : 1460 - 1472
  • [3] MdWRKY40 promotes wounding-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in association with MdMYB1 and undergoes MdBT2-mediated degradation
    An, Jian-Ping
    Zhang, Xiao-Wei
    You, Chun-Xiang
    Bi, Si-Qi
    Wang, Xiao-Fei
    Hao, Yu-Jin
    [J]. NEW PHYTOLOGIST, 2019, 224 (01) : 380 - 395
  • [4] The ERF transcription factor MdERF38 promotes drought stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple
    An, Jian-Ping
    Zhang, Xiao-Wei
    Bi, Si-Qi
    You, Chun-Xiang
    Wang, Xiao-Fei
    Hao, Yu-Jin
    [J]. PLANT JOURNAL, 2020, 101 (03) : 573 - 589
  • [5] Humic substances-enhanced electroremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil
    Bahemmat, Mandi
    Farahbakhsh, Mohsen
    Kianirad, Mehran
    [J]. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 2016, 312 : 307 - 318
  • [6] Recent Advances in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in C3 Plants
    Baslam, Marouane
    Mitsui, Toshiaki
    Sueyoshi, Kuni
    Ohyama, Takuji
    [J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 2021, 22 (01) : 1 - 39
  • [7] Comparative effects of humic and fulvic acids as biostimulants on growth, antioxidant activity and nutrient content of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)
    Bayat, Hassan
    Shafie, Fatemeh
    Aminifard, Mohamad Hossein
    Daghighi, Saeid
    [J]. SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE, 2021, 279
  • [9] Physiology and proteomics reveal Fulvic acid mitigates Cadmium adverse effects on growth and photosynthetic properties of lettuce
    Chen, Xiaojing
    Zhang, Xin
    Chen, Hao
    Xu, Xiaoming
    [J]. PLANT SCIENCE, 2022, 323
  • [10] Research progress of fruit color development in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)
    Chen, Zijing
    Yu, Lei
    Liu, Wenjun
    Zhang, Jing
    Wang, Nan
    Chen, Xuesen
    [J]. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 2021, 162 : 267 - 279