Long-Term Results of Sterile Corneal Allograft Ring Segments Implantation in Keratoconus Treatment

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sterile corneal allograft ring segments implantation for the treatment of keratoconus by analyzing long-term visual, refractive, and tomographic clinical outcomes. Methods: This prospective study included 62 eyes of 49 patients with keratoconus who underwent corneal allograft ring segments implantation at Istanbul Medipol University Faculty of Medicine between February 2020 and August 2022. Surgical outcomes using the Istanbul nomogram were evaluated in patients preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years. Outcomes measured were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), spherical refraction (SR), cylindrical refraction (CR), topographic keratometric values, and corneal thickness at the thinnest point. Results: Preoperative mean UDVA and CDVA (LogMAR) were 0.96 +/- 0.50 and 0.72 +/- 0.47, respectively, and increased to 0.41 +/- 0.34 and 0.22 +/- 0.19 at the last visit (P < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in SE, SR, and keratometric values postoperatively (P < 0.001). There was no difference in CR and thinnest corneal thickness values (P = 0.333 and 0.154, respectively). The stromal and epithelial thicknesses measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography were stabilized at 6 months and 1 year, respectively. No major complications or side effects were observed intraoperatively or postoperatively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that sterile corneal allograft ring segments implantation is a safe and feasible treatment for keratoconus, yielding notable long-term visual outcomes with minimal implant-related complications.