Innovative Energy Distribution Method for Electric Vehicles (IEDM-EV): a multi-objective techno-economic-environmental optimization for smart grid integration

Integrating electric vehicles and renewable energy sources is being pursued as a mutually beneficial strategy for implementing smart grids. In the present context, implementing intelligent charging systems for electric vehicles and integrating vehicle-to-grid technology are viable approaches to attain economic, technical skills, and environmental advantages. The successful deployment of these innovations necessitates collaboration among various stakeholders, including the electricity end-user, the owner of electric vehicles, the method operator, and legislators. The article proposes applying multi-objective techno-economic-environmental optimization in planning electric vehicle charging and discharging. This research shows a novel approach called the Innovative Energy Distribution Method for Electric Vehicles (IEDM-EV), which aims to achieve the optimal incorporation of plug-in electric vehicles (PIEV) into the distribution structure. The proposed approach encompasses two optimization layers that address the administration of real and reactive energy in PIEV. These optimization layers are implemented at both the nodal and system levels. The initial optimizing coating for energy management is formulated with a focus on the nodal aggregator's viewpoint to minimize the overall daily cost associated with the (dis)charging of PIEV. The second optimizing layer for reactive energy control was formulated from the perspective of the distribution operator. The findings indicated that the proposed approach mitigates various factors, including energy expenditure, battery deterioration, carbon dioxide emissions, and grid utilization of 88.2%, 67%, 34%, and 90%, respectively. The simulation findings demonstrate that utilizing reactive electrical services offered by PIEV enables the suggested way to achieve voltage regulation. This approach facilitates the integration of more PIEV while ensuring that the voltage remains within acceptable limits.