Association of Vitamin D and magnesium levels with severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19

Objective: The study aimed to determine the association between serum magnesium and Vitamin D levels with the severity and mortality by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. Method: Men and women over 18 years of age with probable COVID-19 were enrolled in a case-control study. Patients with a positive or negative test for Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were allocated into case or control groups, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by concentrations < 20 ng/mL and hypomagnesemia by serum levels < 1.8 mg/dL. Results: A total of 54 patients, 30 women and 24 men, were enrolled and allocated into the groups with (n = 27) and without (n = 27) COVID-19. The logistic regression analysis showed that Vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 6.13; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.3228.34) and insufficiency (OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02-0.60) are significantly associated with hospitalization. However, Vitamin D disorders and hypomagnesemia were not associated with mortality. Conclusions: The results of the present study revealed that Vitamin D disturbances, but not hypomagnesemia, are associated with the severity of SARS-CoV-2.