Secure operation of a multi-energy system: A comprehensive review

A multi-energy system can effectively improve energy utilization efficiency by coupling and coordinating multiple energy carriers and energy sources. However, the secure operation of a multi-energy system faces multiple challenges, such as random failures and stochastic fluctuations of renewable energy sources and loads. This paper conducts a comprehensive literature review in this regard. Firstly, the concept of the multi-energy system and its physical models are systematically reviewed from perspectives of composition and dynamic properties. Then, potential contingencies and probability models are outlined. According to accessible sources across all links of the multi-energy system, different control measures are reviewed, and their constraints in preventive control and corrective control are summarized. Subsequently, three primary security control approaches are discussed: sensitivity-based, security region-based, and optimization-based approaches. Focusing on the optimization-based approach, this paper conducts an in-depth review and comparison of different optimization models and solution algorithms. Finally, future research trends in this area are discussed. This review provides deep insights into the secure operation of a multi-energy system, supporting the robust and sustainable development of future low- carbon energy systems.