Deleuze's concept of virtuality and critical realist ontology

Gilles Deleuze's concept of the virtual is rooted in a tradition that conceptualizes it in terms of potentiality rather than illusion or falsity. His theory of the relationship between the virtual, the actual, the real, and the possible presents similarities with critical realism's ontological domains of the real and the actual, and thus offers alternative and/or additional realist ways of thinking about those domains, especially regarding causal powers residing in relationships rather than entities. Virtuality applies to the empirical domain as well due to experience's grounding in signs, which are relational. Deleuze also employs virtuality to formulate a concept of simulacra, which illuminates the nature of scientific models and provides a starting point for a critical realist approach to artworks.