Effectiveness and feasibility of nerve real-time monitoring and intermittent monitoring in endoscopic thyroidectomy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study of 1621 patients

Background:Protecting recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN), a crucial indicator for assessing the quality of thyroid surgery, poses a challenge in endoscopic thyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of nerve real-time monitoring and intermittent monitoring in endoscopic thyroidectomy.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy were included, and the characteristics and outcomes of real-time monitoring and intermittent monitoring groups were compared. Thereafter, the outcomes of four surgical types (unilateral lobectomy, total thyroidectomy, unilateral lobectomy + lymph node dissection (LND), and total thyroidectomy + LND) were compared in both groups.Results:A total of 1621 patients were enrolled. Compared to intermittent monitoring group, real-time monitoring group significantly shortened operation durations in the four surgical types (30.8 +/- 6.1 min vs. 35.7 +/- 5.7 min, 54.7 +/- 4.4 min vs. 59.1 +/- 5.2 min, 39.3 +/- 4.6 min vs. 42.0 +/- 4.7 min, 59.1 +/- 4.9 min vs. 66.0 +/- 5.8 min, respectively). As for surgical complications, compared to intermittent monitoring group, real-time monitoring group had lower rates of transient vocal cord paralysis among the four surgical types (0.0 vs. 3.3%, 0.0% vs. 4.0%, 0.8 vs. 3.2%, 2.8 vs. 6.7%, respectively), and lower rates of EBSLN injury (1.1 vs. 4.4%, 0.0 vs. 12.0%, 0.8 vs. 3.8%, 0.9 vs. 4.8%, respectively). Clinicopathologic characteristics and postoperative inflammatory reactions were similarly paralleled in both groups.Conclusion:Implementation of real-time monitoring in endoscopic thyroidectomy effectively protects the RLN and EBSLN while shortening operation duration, demonstrating its feasibility and efficacy in enhancing nerve protection and surgical efficiency.