Impact of structural advancements interface engineering operational stability and commercial viability of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

The development of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PSTSCs) has emerged as a promising and cost-effective alternative to enhance the operational stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of crystalline silicon solar cells (c-Si). Over the last ten years, advancements have been achieved in fabricating highly efficient tandem structures in the lab using various vacuum and solution-driven perovskite processing methods applied on different c-Si substrates. However, to make the leap from lab-scale prototypes to commercially viable products, PSTSCs encounter significant challenges, including stability and reliability issues, along with reduced efficiency stemming from a voltage deficit in wide bandgap perovskites. Also, there is a lack of standardization in charge recombination layers and difficulties in achieving uniform thin-film deposition across each layer. This review offers advancements including scalable fabrication protocols, interface modifications, strain management, ion migration, phase stability of perovskites, detrimental effects due to current mismatching, operational stability, and efficiency enhancement, and provides insights toward commercializing PSTSCs.