[1] Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
[2] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
[3] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, Key Lab Solar Act & Space Weather, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China
[4] Solar Sci LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
[5] Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[6] Northumbria Univ, Dept Math Phys & Elect Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, England
[7] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA