Estimating the Economic Burden of Family Caregivers of COVID-19 Survivors in Punjab- Pakistan

被引:0
作者
Abbas, Shumaila [1 ,2 ]
Nasir, Jamal Abdul [1 ]
机构
[1] Govt Coll Univ, Dept Stat, Lahore, Pakistan
[2] Univ Punjab, Coll Stat Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
关键词
COVID-19; Caregivers; Disease Burden; Structural Equation Models; Odds Ratio;
D O I
10.18187/pjsor.v20i4.4795
中图分类号
O21 [概率论与数理统计]; C8 [统计学];
学科分类号
020208 ; 070103 ; 0714 ;
摘要
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted healthcare systems and families worldwide, with family caregivers bearing a substantial burden. In Punjab, Pakistan, family caregivers of COVID-19 survivors face significant financial strain due to prolonged care requirements, medical expenses, and loss of income. This study aims to quantify the economic burden on these caregivers and identify socioeconomic factors contributing to financial strain for targeted support. Employing a cross-sectional design, the study surveyed 5,770 caregivers selected through convenience sampling using a self-constructed 27-item questionnaire with dichotomous responses. Data analysis included structural equation modeling, odds ratio calculations, and tree diagrams to evaluate the economic burden and identify contributing factors. The study found that 59.1% of the family caregivers were female, with a mean age of 45 years. A six-factor economic burden model was developed to quantify the financial strain on caregivers during the pandemic. Results indicated a higher burden on female caregivers over 45, Amarried, unemployed, earning up to sixty thousand PKR, with a maximum secondary education, living in rural areas, in joint families, or away from families. Those performing household, medical, and personal tasks faced higher financial challenges, especially when caring for survivors hospitalized, in ICU, with long disease durations, permanent disabilities, or severe infections. The study highlights the substantial economic impact on family caregivers of COVID-19 survivors in Punjab, Pakistan, underscoring the urgency for governmental and community support to alleviate their financial strain.
引用
收藏
页码:785 / 800
页数:16
相关论文
共 43 条
[31]  
Picardi A., Miniotti M., Leombruni P., Gigantesco A. J. C. p., A qualitative study regarding COVID-19 inpatient family caregivers’ need for supportive care, 17, (2021)
[32]  
Prudencio G., Young H. J. I. i. A., Caregiving in the US 2020: What does the latest edition of this survey tell US about their contributions and needs?, 4, pp. 681-681, (2020)
[33]  
Rahimi T., Dastyar N., Rafati F. J. B. f. p., Experiences of family caregivers of patients with COVID-19, 22, pp. 1-10, (2021)
[34]  
Reich S. M., Dahlin M., Tulagan N., Kerlow M., Cabrera N., Piroutek M. J., Heyming T. J. J., Caregivers’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and their children’s behavior, 44, 4, pp. 1093-1112, (2023)
[35]  
Santini S., Socci M., Fabbietti P., Lamura G., Teti A. J. I. J. o. E. R., Health P., Factors worsening and mitigating the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on the overall health of informal caregivers of older people with long-term care needs living in Germany and in Italy, 19, 3, (2022)
[36]  
Sevik I., Ciceklioglu M. J. I. T. J., Healthcare Access Worsened for Women in Precarious Housing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study, 61, (2024)
[37]  
Sheikhbardsiri H., Tavan A., Afshar P. J., Salahi S., Heidari-Jamebozorgi M. J. B. p. c., Investigating the burden of disease dimensions (time-dependent, developmental, physical, social and emotional) among family caregivers with COVID-19 patients in Iran, 23, 1, (2022)
[38]  
Statistics P. B. o., Population and Housing Census 2017, (2017)
[39]  
Thapa P., Lama S., Rai G., Sapkota N., Pradhan N., Thapa R., Uprety P., Basnet M. J. P. o., Family caregiver experience of caring COVID-19 patients admitted in COVID-19 hospital of a tertiary care hospital in Nepal, 19, 1, (2024)
[40]  
Truskinovsky Y., Finlay J. M., Kobayashi L. C. J. M. C. R., Caregiving in a pandemic: COVID-19 and the well-being of family caregivers 55+ in the United States, 79, 5, pp. 663-675, (2022)