Review of current state of technologies enabling circular economy in vehicle batteries and a role of laser processing and remote operation via metaverse

As electric car age, Battery Electric Vehicles batteries are increasingly being disassembled at end of life of battery cells. In general, it can be stated that their design has not considered the disassembly of batteries in the best possible way, thinking about secondary use or efficient recycling. This paper has collected tested methods found in the literature or laser processes in use for dismantling battery packs, especially for the second life use of battery cells. The research has created a concept for the Metaverse environment, where the safety aspects that can be achieved in laser processing could be studied when the system is controlled by remote control. In addition, a case has been presented as an example of the suitability of laser brazing in a collaborative robot and handheld laser process for automatic production. The experiment used aluminum printed battery cell components and sheet metal busbar parts to demonstrate the electrical and mechanical properties of the joint. The disassembly of busbar parts was demonstrated in the Metaverse environment using the laser machining method, which automatically disassembles the connection using the Metaverse environment, especially considering laser safety. In the research, functional solutions have been sought from the point of view of automatic disassembly of the joint described above using the Metaverse environment.