Measurement and Comparative Analysis of Chinese New-Type Urbanization and Eco-Environment System Coordination

The coordinated relationship of new-type urbanization (NU) and the eco-environment (EE) is of great significance for high-quality and healthy development. A multi-dimensional index system of NU and EE was established to measure and compare the coordinated level of 30 Chinese provinces from 2009 to 2020 by the entropy method, coupling coordination degree model, and Markov chain. Furthermore, the regional differences in and distribution dynamic evolution of the coordination level of the four east, west, central, and northeast regions in China were analyzed using the Dagum Gini coefficient and the kernel density estimation method. The results showed that China's NU and EE was in the low coordination state, and the distribution was uneven. In addition, the coordinated evolution was continuous. The study also revealed that intra-regional differences in coordination level were small and stable in China, and the overall difference in NU and EE coordination was mainly ascribed to inter-regional difference. The national coordination level rose, and the polarization phenomenon gradually disappeared. In the process of NU, the environmental capacity in China should be considered to promote the coordinated development of regions and fully reflect the sustainable development requirements of NU.