Advancements in Melanoma Treatment: A Review of PD-1 Inhibitors, T-VEC, mRNA Vaccines, and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy in an Evolving Landscape of Immunotherapy

被引：0

作者：

Mehta, Apoorva ^{[1
]}

Motavaf, Mateen ^{[2
]}

Nebo, Ikenna ^{[1
]}

Luyten, Sophia ^{[1
]}

Osei-Opare, Kofi D. ^{[1
]}

Gru, Alejandro A. ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Columbia Univ, Vagelos Coll Phys & Surg, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA

[2] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA

[3] Columbia Univ Irving Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10032 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE | 2025年 / 14卷 / 04期

关键词：

melanoma; treatment; mRNA vaccine; TIL; therapy; T-VEC; PD-1; inhibitors; PD-L1; CAR-T; T-cell; immunotherapy; advancement; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; 5-YEAR SURVIVAL OUTCOMES; METASTATIC MELANOMA; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; COMBINED NIVOLUMAB; ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; CELL TRANSFER; IPILIMUMAB; BLOCKADE; PEMBROLIZUMAB;

D O I：

10.3390/jcm14041200

中图分类号：

R5 [内科学];

学科分类号：

1002 ; 100201 ;

摘要：

Melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer, presents significant therapeutic challenges. Consequently, innovative treatment strategies beyond conventional chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are actively explored. This review discusses the evolution of immunotherapy in advanced melanoma, highlighting PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, mRNA vaccines, Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab block immune checkpoints, promoting T-cell cytotoxic activity and improving overall survival in patients with advanced melanoma. T-VEC, a modified oncolytic herpes virus, promotes a systemic anti-tumor response while simultaneously lysing malignant cells. mRNA vaccines, such as Moderna's mRNA-4157/V940, take advantage of malignant-cell-specific neoantigens to amplify the adaptive immune response while protecting healthy tissue. TIL therapy is a form of therapy involving ex vivo expansion and reinfusion of the patient's tumor-specific lymphocytes and has been shown to provide durable tumor control. While these therapies have demonstrated promising clinical outcomes, challenges such as tumor resistance, high financial burden, and limited accessibility pose challenges to their widespread use. This review explores combination therapies such as PD-L1 inhibitors with mRNA vaccines, or TIL therapy, which aim to enhance treatment through synergistic approaches. Further research is required to optimize these combinations, address barriers preventing their use, and control adverse events.

引用

页数：23

共 123 条

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