Next-generation solar energy: Progress, stability, and prospects of polymer-modified Perovskite solar cells; A review

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made incredible development recently, with current power conversion proficiency reaching 26.7%. Considering, with their potential to revolutionize the solar industry through high efficiency, scalability, and improved stability. International Energy commission (IEC) is a set of criteria for assessing the environmental stability of thin-film solar products that must be met before they can be sold commercially. Moreover, highly stable, effective, and hysteresis-reduced PSCs have been created using a polymer material. Here in this review, we addressed a thorough analysis of polymer approach, placing polymers in the categories of interfacial layers, encapsulating layers, and additives in the charge transport and active layers of Perovskites. Various polymers used designing, synthesis and the many approaches of incorporating them into PSCs are also summarized. Further, the processes behind the various roles that polymers play in each layer are highlighted, including their roles in morphological modulation, temperature resistance, recombination suppression, moisture resistance, stability enhancement, and improvement of flexibility. Additionally, suggestions are made on where future studies should go to better understand and enhance polymer approach for increasing PSCs' stability and efficiency. We comprehensively emphasize the significant design, function and roles of polymer in PSCs and the materials based on them from the perspectives of different designing, morphology, stability, characteristics and performance because they are all closely connected fields that have been described in details.