Fabric-Based Stretchable and Breathable Backscattered Monitoring System

The demand for wearable monitoring devices in contemporary medicine has significantly increased, especially in dynamic environments where traditional bulky equipment is impractical. Conventional flexible wearable devices or systems suffer from limited air and moisture permeability, lack of stretchability, and high power consumption, which restrict their long-term usage and comfort. Herein, a stretchable and breathable backscattered monitoring system (SBBMS) is introduced, integrated with a fabric substrate. To address the challenges associated with fabric substrate system fabrication and encapsulation, a printing-cutting-transfer technology is proposed. This method enables the creation of unique, low-cost, high-precision, and robust circuit routing and electronic devices on fabric, maintaining high compatibility with commercial surface mounting technology while minimizing sacrifices in breathability. Additionally, a backscatter communication mechanism is designed and implemented to achieve wireless data transmission, which significantly reduces power consumption. Combined with energy management technology and hydrogel batteries, the SBBMS receives safe, multi-source, and eco-friendly energy support. Furthermore, through meticulous design, all modules-including the antenna, circuit, and battery-are made stretchable, providing the system with excellent strain-resistive performance. The approach paves the way for the development of breathable, high-performance, and highly integrated fabric-based wearable systems, catering to specific user groups such as athletes, soldiers, and pilots.