Adherence to the Swedish paediatric guidelines for urinary tract infections

Aim: To audit adherence to the Swedish paediatric guidelines for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants. Secondary objectives were to compare findings on imaging performed according to the guidelines with imaging without guideline support and to identify predictors of non-adherence. Methods: A prospective multicentre study of infants <1 year treated at paediatric hospitals for their first UTI. Adherence to recommendations was assessed for diagnosis, treatment, and imaging of the urinary tract with a follow-up period of 1 year. Vesicoureteral reflux on voiding cystourethrography and findings on renal scintigraphy according to recommendations were compared to imaging without recommendation. Results: A total of 1357 infants were included. Adherence to recommended diagnostic procedures, antibiotic treatment, and imaging was 86.1%, 91.0% and 64.2%, respectively. Non-adherence to imaging recommendations was associated with inpatient management and smaller hospitals but was also more often due to excessive rather than refrained imaging. Conclusion: High adherence rates to diagnostic and treatment recommendations indicate careful attention to infant UTI among paediatricians. Lower adherence to imaging recommendations raises concerns regarding the guideline algorithm; particularly, early DMSA scans seem to be challenging for smaller hospitals.