Impact of male factor infertility on mental health and sexual function: a comparative study

Background: The psychological and sexual well-being of individuals experiencing infertility, especially when a male factor is involved, can be significantly affected. This research was conducted to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, and sexual functioning in male patients undergoing infertility treatment, taking into consideration the presence or absence of a male factor. Methods: From June 2022 to March 2024, 457 infertility clinic patients underwent assessments, including demographic data, physical exams, sperm analyses, hormone checks, and genetic screenings. The patients were classified based on whether a male factor was present or not. One month after being informed of their male factor status, patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT). Results: The distribution of patients was as follows: those with a male factor (n = 171, 37%) and those without (n = 286, 63%). The presence of a male factor was significantly associated with higher BDI and BAI scores (p = 0.009 for BDI and p < 0.001 for BAI). IIEF scores in the male factor group were significantly lower than those in the other group (p = 0.013), while no significant difference was found between the PEDT scores of the two groups (p = 0.206). A negative correlation was observed between age and BAI scores (p = 0.027, correlation coefficient = -0.104). No significant relationship was found between primary or secondary infertility, the number of failed ART cycles, and BDI or BAI scores. Conclusions: The recognition of male infertility as a contributing factor is linked to decreased psychological well-being and sexual performance, emphasizing the significance of providing mental health assistance to such individuals. Integrating mental health support within infertility treatment facilities could enhance the overall welfare and participation in treatment of patients.