Current Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-The Molecular Pathologist's Perspective

被引:0
|
作者
Steinestel, Konrad [1 ]
Arndt, Annette [1 ]
机构
[1] Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Inst Pathol & Mol Pathol, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
关键词
non-small cell lung cancer; biomarker; molecular pathology; next-generation sequencing; TUMOR PROPORTION SCORE; TYROSINE KINASE ROS; EGFR MUTATION; PD-L1; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; REPRODUCIBILITY; FUSION; PEMBROLIZUMAB; EXPERIENCES; DIAGNOSTICS; EXPRESSION;
D O I
10.3390/diagnostics15050631
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Advances in tissue-based biomarkers have significantly enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in NSCLC, enabling precision medicine strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular pathologist's practical approach to assessing NSCLC biomarkers across various specimen types (liquid biopsy, broncho-alveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy/endobronchial ultrasound-guided biopsy, and surgical specimen), including challenges such as biological heterogeneity and preanalytical variability. We discuss the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry in predicting immunotherapy response, the practice of histopathological tumor regression grading after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, and the application of DNA- and RNA-based techniques for detecting actionable molecular alterations. Finally, we emphasize the critical need for quality management to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of biomarker testing in NSCLC.
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页数:16
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