Differentially Private and Truthful Reverse Auction With Dynamic Resource Provisioning for VNFI Procurement in NFV Markets

With the advent of network function virtualization (NFV), many users resort to network service provisioning through virtual network function instances (VNFIs) run on the standard physical server in clouds. Following this trend, NFV markets are emerging, which allow a user to procure VNFIs from cloud service providers (CSPs). In such procurement process, it is a significant challenge to ensure differential privacy and truthfulness while explicitly considering dynamic resource provisioning, location sensitiveness and budget of each VNFI. As such, we design a differentially private and truthful reverse auction with dynamic resource provisioning (PTRA-DRP) to resolve the VNFI procurement (VNFIP) problem. To allow dynamic resource provisioning, PTRA-DRP enables CSPs to submit a set of bids and accept as many as possible, and decides the provisioning VNFIs based on the auction outcomes. To be specific, we first devise a greedy heuristic approach to select the set of the winning bids in a differentially privacy-preserving manner. Next, we design a pricing strategy to compute the charges of CSPs, aiming to guarantee truthfulness. Strict theoretical analysis proves that PTRA-DRP can ensure differential privacy, truthfulness, individual rationality, computational efficiency and approximate social cost minimization. Extensive simulations also demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of PTRA-DRP.