Aerodynamic forces and flows around a wall-mounted body in typhoon boundary layers

Flows around finite wall-mounted cylinders (FWMC) were studied primarily under thin or thick boundary layers (BLs) within normal wind environments. The aerodynamic forces and flow dynamics of FWMCs under typhoon BLs remain unexplored. Therefore, this study systematically investigates the variations in aerodynamic characteristics under both normal wind and typhoon BLs with an abundant thickness at a high Reynolds number of 3.9x10(4). Wall-resolved large-eddy simulation is employed to simulate high-resolution flows around the FWMC. The results reveal that aerodynamic forces exhibit increased values under typhoon BLs, driven by increased turbulence intensity and length scale. Flow reattachment occurs on both sides of the cylinder under typhoon conditions, which enhances the spatial correlation of K & aacute;rm & aacute;n vortices. The compressive effect of K & aacute;rm & aacute;n vortices reduces downwash effects and reinforces the two-dimensional characteristics of the flow field. In the wake region, vortex scale diminishes more rapidly during typhoon conditions compared to normal wind. Additionally, the time-averaged flow structures indicate smaller and weaker dipole structures under typhoon conditions, attributed to disruptions in the shedding process of coherent structures. These findings are expected to improve understanding of structures under extreme climate conditions.