School psychology in Italy: A mixed-method study of actual and desired roles and functions

Investigating the scope of international school psychology practices may promote and influence the globalization of the profession. Although some extant studies assessed the presence and functions of school psychologists internationally, little research to date has focused on Italy. This nation-wide study provides up-to-date information about how psychological services are provided in Italian schools, what services are rendered, what populations and issues are addressed, and analyzes discrepancies between existing and desired situations. Data from the concurrent triangulation (simultaneous) mixed-method research consisted of results from an online survey of 565 Italian psychological service-providers who work in schools and 33 key informants' interviews (i.e., school psychologists, regional /national board representatives, stakeholders' key representatives, policymakers). Results indicated that, in the provision of school psychological services in Italy, individual counseling to students is predominant and school-based psychological helpdesk is the most common form of provision of psychological services. However, the desired service delivery model differs substantially from the reality. Implications for the development of school psychology in Italy, in terms of promoting policy design and providing more structured psychological services in schools, are described.