CircZNF609 inhibits miR-150-5p to promote high glucose-induced damage to retinal microvascular endothelial cells

Hyperglycemia is a key contributor to diabetic macrovascular and ocular complications. It triggers a cascade of cellular damage, particularly in the retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain only partially understood. This study hypothesizes that CircZNF609 plays a pivotal role in mediating high glucose-induced damage in RMECs by modulating miR-150-5p and its downstream target genes, thereby affecting cellular survival, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Gene expression datasets (GSE193974 and GSE160308) and clinical samples were used to investigate the expression levels of CircZNF609 and its interaction with miR-150-5p in the context of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our results demonstrate that CircZNF609 is upregulated in both peripheral blood stem cells from DR patients and high glucose-stimulated hRMECs. Functional experiments reveal that silencing CircZNF609 improves cell viability, reduces apoptosis, inhibits tube formation, and modulates oxidative stress markers, whereas CircZNF609 overexpression exacerbates these effects. Moreover, miR-150-5p, a microRNA, was found to be negatively regulated by CircZNF609 and downregulated in DR. Its overexpression mitigates high glucose-induced cell injury. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby CircZNF609 exacerbates high glucose-induced endothelial cell damage by sponging miR-150-5p, implicating the CircZNF609/miR-150-5p axis as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy.