Innovations and long-term international growth in born globals

The aim of this study is to investigate how innovations by born global firms influence their long-term international growth. In the early stages, an entrepreneur with a global mindset, who drives product and market innovations-such as developing a unique product and engaging with multiple customers and markets in an innovative, resource-efficient way-plays a key role in driving initial international expansion. This is achieved by rapidly entering multiple markets and leveraging economies of scope. In later stages, management decisions to invest in process innovation-creating an agile organization that operates independently of direct management oversight, focusing on strategic markets, investing in branding and digital marketing, and insourcing strategic activities to enhance control and economies of scale-contribute to sustained international growth. This study supports and extends theories that suggest organizations can be consciously developed and orchestrated through the intentional choices and actions of entrepreneurs.