Synthesis of the Simplest Synthetic Porphyrins. Porphine and β-Octasubstituted Porphyrins

The review presents methods known in the literature for the synthesis of the simplest synthetic beta-octasubstituted porphyrins by monopyrrole condensation. The synthesis of pyrroles from non-pyrrole precursors by the most common Knorr and Barton-Zard methods and their further modification into derivatives capable of pyrrole condensation are presented. The methods of synthesis of the progenitor of porphyrins - porphine and randomomeric etioporphyrins, one of which (etiporphyrin III) has a structure close to natural porphyrins. The presented methods make it possible to obtain beta-octasubstituted porphyrins with high yields in significant quantities for their use as model compounds of biochemical reactions, catalysts of various processes and medicines.