The association between adipokines dysregulation and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and obese patients, is it relevant?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, affecting approximately 33.5 millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, the prevalence of this arrhythmia will increase within the following two decades, resulting in a higher mortality rate and a higher economic burden for public health services. Obesity, specifically central obesity, plays an essential role in developing AF by increasing pericardial fat and epicardial adipose tissue thickness, generating a chronic inflammation state where dysregulation of the serum concentration of several proinflammatory proteins occurs and indirectly promotes AF. Therefore, recent research has focused on analyzing the circulating concentration of different molecules, including pro and anti-inflammatory adipokines, and their association with AF. Herein, we review several studies addressing the association of adipokines with the onset or recurrence of AF to establish such association as a potential biomarker for the prevention or adequate treatment of this arrhythmia. We concluded that the insight into this topic is very controversial and needs further research.