Experimental study on horizontally-oriented liquefied gas jet flames: Assessment of the flame morphology characteristics

Liquefied gases are mostly flammable media that can lead to jet fire accidents in the event of leaks. When there is a sudden drop in pressure at the leakage point, the liquefied gas leaks as a two-phase gas-liquid mixture. This study focused on the use of liquefied propane to examine the impacts of the injection pressure (Pin), area (A), and shape of the leakage hole on the morphological characteristics of the jet flame. The considered leakage holes were circle, square, or triangular. The findings indicate that parameters such as flame horizontal projection length (Lph), flame height above the central axis (Hab), flame height below the central axis (Hbe), lift-off distance (Ld), and spray cone angle (theta) increase with higher Pin and A. For a constant Pin and A, except for Hbe, the other flame morphology parameters decrease in the order of circle, square, and triangle. Meanwhile, prediction models for flame morphology parameters (Lph, Hab, Hbe, and Ld) and theta were established.