Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Sepsis in Patients with Liver Abscess

Aims/Background Liver abscess (LA) is a serious medical condition that predisposes patients to sepsis. However, predicting sepsis in LA patients has rarely been explored. This study employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for sepsis, which would provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 122 patients with LA treated in Peking University People's Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 31 October 2022 were recruited. Among the cases, 35 patients had sepsis (sepsis group) while the remaining 87 did not have sepsis (non-sepsis group). Clinical data were collected for all enrolled cases. Univariate analysis was performed to identify potential predictors, which were tested in multivariable logistic analysis to pinpoint the independent risk factors for sepsis in LA patients; these findings were utilized to develop a prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the prediction model. Informed consent to participate was obtained from the patients or their relatives. Results The incidence of shivering in the sepsis group was significantly higher than that in the nonsepsis group (p < 0.05). Through the univariate analysis, it was found that the reduction in platelet count and prothrombin time activity and the elevation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and procalcitonin (PCT) were more significant in the sepsis group than in the non-sepsis group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PCT and HbAlc were independent risk predictors of sepsis in LA patients within the derivation cohort (p < 0.05). Conclusion Elevated levels of HbAlc and PCT were independent risk factors for sepsis associated with LA. Patients with LA exhibiting elevated PCT levels demonstrated a 21% increased susceptibility to sepsis, and those with elevated HbAlc levels showed a 38% heightened risk for sepsis.