With the rapid development of information technology, big data is increasingly widely used in the field of education, especially in student management. Traditional student management methods have been unable to meet the needs of modern education, thermal radiation image processing technology can identify and track individuals by analyzing the thermal radiation emitted by the human body, which has significant advantages in student attendance management, health monitoring and other aspects. This paper introduces the process of thermal radiation image acquisition and image preprocessing, introduces the implementation process of efficient face image recovery algorithm, and discusses how to integrate these technologies into the existing student management system to realize automatic and intelligent student management. The experiment verifies the effectiveness of thermal radiation image processing technology and face image recovery algorithm in student management. The results show that these technologies can significantly improve the accuracy of student attendance records, while also performing well in student health monitoring. Through this research, it is expected to provide an innovative student management solution for the field of education, in order to promote the development of education information.