Influence of agroforestry systems on Coffea arabica L. yield and quality at different altitudes in Amazonas, Peru

In Peru, the diversity of ecosystems contributes to producing high-quality coffees, generating important economic opportunities for small producers thanks to the growing value of coffee in expanding markets. This study analyzed the influence of forest species on bean yield and cup quality in agroforestry systems (AFS) located at three altitudinal levels: 500-1500 m.a.s.l., 1500-1800 m.a.s.l. and more than 1800 m.a.s.l. The characterization of these systems, the register of pests and diseases (Hemileia vastatrix and Hypothenemus hampei), the green gold bean yield, and cup quality according to altitude were evaluated. At altitudes of 1500-1800 m.a.s.l., in localities such as Rodriguez de Mendoza and Camporredondo, shade levels of up to 60 % were recorded, with 100 % incidence of H. vastatrix on leaves and 100 % infestation of H. hampei in grains, resulting in yields of less than 70 % and cup quality of 59 points. In Pisuqia, above 1800 m.a.s.l., an H. vastatrix intensity index of 40 % was observed, but the presence of H. hampei was not detected; yields of 97 % and a cup quality of 83.54 points were achieved, highlighting the advantages of agroclimatic conditions at higher altitudes. Integrating shade trees in AFS is an effective strategy to improve coffee's yield and sensory quality. Farmers are encouraged to adopt mixed AFS as a sustainable alternative that optimizes economic and environmental benefits.