Urbanization induced changes in land use dynamics and its nexus to ecosystem service values: A spatiotemporal investigation to promote sustainable urban growth

Proper knowledge regarding the spatial dependence of ecosystem service values (ESVs) on the changes in land Proper knowledge regarding the spatial dependence of ecosystem service values (ESVs) on the changes in land use dynamics is essential for environmental management as well as sustainable urban development. To invesuse dynamics is essential for environmental management as well as sustainable urban development. To investigate this complex association concerning a fast-growing secondary city, this study estimated the integrated land tigate this complex association concerning a fast-growing secondary city, this study estimated the integrated land use dynamic degree (ILUDD), uniform annual land use transition intensity (Wtn), and entropy index of land use use dynamic degree (ILUDD), uniform annual land use transition intensity (Wtn), and entropy index of land use mix (LUM), and the ESVs for Raiganj urban agglomeration (UA). The overall association between the three mix (LUM), and the ESVs for Raiganj urban agglomeration (UA). The overall association between the three indices and the ESVs is explored using the spatial lag and spatial error model. For the local level association, the indices and the ESVs is explored using the spatial lag and spatial error model. For the local level association, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) is applied. The output showed that changes in ILUDD and LUM geographically weighted regression (GWR) is applied. The output showed that changes in ILUDD and LUM indicate over -20 unit and -2 unit changes in the ESVs of built-up with 1 unit increase in ILUDD and LUM, indicate over -20 unit and -2 unit changes in the ESVs of built-up with 1 unit increase in ILUDD and LUM, respectively. However, the ILUDD coefficient score concerning vegetation ESV was observed around +25. The respectively. However, the ILUDD coefficient score concerning vegetation ESV was observed around +25. The Wtn also represented a significant loss of natural vegetation from every administrative unit of Raiganj UA. The Wtn also represented a significant loss of natural vegetation from every administrative unit of Raiganj UA. The relation between urban growth type and landscape patches is analyzed using Getis-Ord-Gi. It is found that the relation between urban growth type and landscape patches is analyzed using Getis-Ord-Gi. It is found that the promotion of compact growth can be the best possible solution to preserve the environmental quality in this promotion of compact growth can be the best possible solution to preserve the environmental quality in this region. region.