Open innovation in Smes: a literature review

Introduction: small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential for economic development in developing countries, as they play a key role in job creation and the dynamization of local economies. Innovation is crucial for enhancing their competitiveness; however, due to limited resources, open innovation presents a viable alternative to boost their innovative capacity. Despite the importance of this approach, research on innovation in the context of SMEs remains limited. Methodology: this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review to explore how open innovation develops in these organizations. A total of 127 academic articles were analyzed, sourced from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The analysis focused on identifying the main strategies, challenges, facilitators, and indicators associated with open innovation, as well as the role technology plays in this process. Results: the findings reveal a growing adoption of open innovation strategies in SMEs. The importance of innovation indicators and the use of technologies that facilitate knowledge transfer is emphasized, which is crucial given the resource limitations. Case studies and surveys are the most commonly used methods for studying this phenomenon. Furthermore, there is a growing focus on tools for engaging with customers and collaborating with large companies. Technology plays a vital role in knowledge integration and enhancing market agility. Conclusions: despite the advantages of open innovation, SMEs face significant challenges, such as lack of funding, resistance to change, and difficulties in protecting intellectual property. However, collaboration with universities and consultants strengthens innovation ecosystems, and digital technologies play a crucial role in optimizing knowledge absorption. The risks associated with intellectual property protection and optimizing knowledge transfer processes are critical areas to address in order to improve open innovation outcomes in SMEs.