Mental health challenges faced by foreign nurses: a scoping review

Purpose - Foreign nurses encounter various challenges that impact their mental health, but there is a lack of comprehensive evidence on these difficulties and the strategies to address them. This study aims to synthesize the available evidence to identify these challenges and the strategies to support foreign nurses. Design/methodology/approach - A scoping review framework was used with an exploration of seven databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed and ProQuest Central) to search for primary studies. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods research were considered for inclusion, with manual searches of reference lists for potential additions. Studies published between 2013 and September 2023, and written in English were considered for inclusion. Findings - About 22 of 1,077 identified studies were finally included in this review. Three distinct themes were identified as contributors to the nurses' mental health challenges, and one theme emerged to highlight strategies to overcome the challenges. These contributors included the influences of diverse cultures, dynamics within the work environment, language barriers, separation from family and friends, heavy workloads and pressures, disparities in health-care systems and experiences of discrimination. Strategies identified to overcome the challenges were at individual, organizational and policy levels to support foreign nurses in navigating and mitigating stressors. Originality/value - This study highlights the importance of targeted interventions to assist foreign nurses in overcoming challenges that may affect their mental health and well-being. Moreover, strategic interventions are crucial to support them in addressing the barriers they faced.