Enhanced Accuracy and Real-Time Monitoring: A Hybrid Communication Architecture for Fertility Monitoring

Human fertility monitoring, whether for natural conception or artificial insemination and fertilization, presents a significant challenge for both physicians and patients. Detecting the presence of eggs in the fallopian tube and timely communication of this information to the healthcare team and the patient remains an elusive goal; in this paper, we propose a novel, hybrid communication architecture for this purpose. Our architecture combines an intrabody nano-sensor network for detecting the presence of eggs in the female fallopian tube with a body area network (BAN) to receive information from the intrabody network and transmit it over-the-air to the required point (physician, nurse, or patient). To investigate the system's performance, we conducted preliminary simulations using a particle-based stochastic simulator. The results revealed interesting relationships between information rates achievable, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), distance, number of sensors, detection delay, viscosity, and temperature. Specifically, we found that increasing viscosity led to an increase in detection delay, while increasing temperature had the opposite effect. With data rates of up to 300 Mbps achievable at an SNR of 45, our proposed architecture ensures near-zero latency, minimum energy consumption, and high throughput for efficient fertility monitoring. By integrating advanced communication technologies and sensor networks, our approach paves the way for improved fertility monitoring, enabling timely interventions and personalized care. These findings contribute to the development of a cooperative intra- to extra-body network that enhances accuracy and enables real-time monitoring for effective fertility management.