Attitudes of medical students towards LGBTQ plus individuals: a systematic review

The attitudes of medical students towards LGBTQ+ individuals are crucial in shaping inclusive healthcare practices. This systematic review synthesises existing studies on these attitudes, aiming to inform LGBTQ+ cultural competence in medical education. A search across MEDLINE, Embase, and APA PsycINFO in August 2024 identified 51 relevant quantitative studies. Registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024576901), non-English and non-peer-reviewed publications were excluded. The findings revealed generally positive attitudes among medical students, with variations in gender, religiosity, knowledge, and LGBTQ+ social exposure. Commonly used scales, such as the Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Gay Men (ATLG) and the Attitudes Towards LGBT People (ALPS), indicated more positive views among females, non-religious students, and those with LGBTQ+ acquaintances. Cultural and regional factors influenced attitudes, with conservative and religious settings linked to less favourable views. These results underscore the importance of medical curricula that foster knowledge, empathy, and cultural sensitivity on LGBTQ+ issues. By addressing these gaps and promoting inclusive values, medical schools worldwide can reduce disparities and enhance LGBTQ+ competence among future physicians.