Differences between serum transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) levels in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a clinical syndrome that results in a decreased cardiac output and/or increased intracardiac pressure with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked to a comorbidity of heart failure, but the differences in tissue damage between patients with and without T2DM have not been extensively studied. One of the markers that can be used for evaluating the tissue damage is TGF-beta 1. This study aims to assess the differences between serum TGF-beta 1 levels in HFrEF patients with and without T2DM. Methods:This study is an analytical observational research with a cross-sectional study design, conducted at Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital. The study subjects were HFrEF patients aged >= 18 years old treated at a cardiology outpatient clinic, and divided into 2 groups, with and without T2DM. The TGF-beta 1 level was tested from blood samples using the ELISA method. Subject's characteristics and differences in TGF-beta 1 levels were analyzed using the SPSS software, with a p-value <0.05 is considered significant. Results:This study included 78 subjects, consisting of 42 subjects with T2DM and 36 subjects without T2DM. The mean level of TGF-beta 1 in HFrEF patients with T2DM was 428.57 pg/mL, while in patients without T2DM, it was 730.71 pg/mL. The difference in TGF-beta 1 level was 302.14 pg/mL (p <0.05). Conclusion:Serum TGF-beta 1 level in HFrEF patients without T2DM was higher and significantly different compared to patients with T2DM.